End Notes
Genre I: For my first genre- "NCAA Hall of Shame"- I wanted to explore what the worst scandals violating NCAA amateurism were, and how they were punished by the NCAA. I was intrigued by this after watching countless ESPN 30 for 30's on sports scandals and their punishments, like the indecent at the University of Miami. I think that it is not only interesting, but necessary to realize the lengths that the NCAA will go to in order to protect amateurism, and this genre aimed to do that. I used two sources to find information on this topic:
Malley, Bell. "Biggest Scandals in Sports History." Bleacher Report. Turner Sports,
27 Sept. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
Weir, Tom. "A Look at Some of College Football's Biggest Scandals." USA Today.
Gannett CO, 24 Aug. 2011. Web. 4 Jan. 2015.
Genre II: For my second genre-Hawk Tawk Article- I wanted to condense the arguments for paying athletes into a newspaper article and share it with the rest of the school. Because I am just an ordinary teenager, my voice means nearly nothing to the NCAA, but hundreds of voices can make a change. This article aimed to raise awareness on the issue and hopefully gain support for the issue. The article is set to be published in the January issue of Hawk Tawk and will hopefully put the issue in students' brains. I used most of the sources from my research paper in this aritcle, as it was essentially just a condensed version, but also used the additional source:
"2014 Poverty Guidelines." ASPE. USDHHS, 22 Jan. 2014. Web. 11 Oct. 2014.
Genre III: For my third genre-@ChangeNCAANow- I wanted to spread awareness to an international audience. Like I previously stated, one teenager alone can hardly advocate for change against the corporate giant that is the NCAA. By tweeting interesting facts about the NCAA, I aimed to appeal to a younger audience and re create the feeling of shock that I had when I found them myself. I used many sources from my research summary, but primarily used:
Staurowsky, Ellen, ED.D.Dr. "The $6 Billion Heist: Robbing College Athletes Under the Guise
of Amateurism." News. Drexel University, 20 Mar. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
Genre IV&V: My fourth and fifth genres- Research with Dr. Staurowsky- aimed to help Dr. Staurowsky update the study that inspired me to do this project. The first chunk of research that I did involved the revenue generated by football and basketball for the schools in the American Athletic Conference. This research will be used to update the information on NCAA finances and show if schools are making enough money off of these two sports to reasonably compensate athletes. The second chunk of research that I conducted was collecting the data on expenses and revenue generated by Women's basketball in major conferences across the country. This data will be used to show if women's basketball is generating a profit around the country, or if men's sports need to donate to women's sports in order to keep them alive. I used a lot of the sources from my research paper in the write ups for both genres, but used two additional sources for the second chunk of research:
Bowman, James. "Why Women's College Basketball Might Be Stuck in the Red." Swish Appeal.
Vox Media, 12 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
Eichelberger, By Curtis. "Women Basketball Programs Lose Money as Salaries Break College Budgets."
Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 01 Apr. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
Malley, Bell. "Biggest Scandals in Sports History." Bleacher Report. Turner Sports,
27 Sept. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
Weir, Tom. "A Look at Some of College Football's Biggest Scandals." USA Today.
Gannett CO, 24 Aug. 2011. Web. 4 Jan. 2015.
Genre II: For my second genre-Hawk Tawk Article- I wanted to condense the arguments for paying athletes into a newspaper article and share it with the rest of the school. Because I am just an ordinary teenager, my voice means nearly nothing to the NCAA, but hundreds of voices can make a change. This article aimed to raise awareness on the issue and hopefully gain support for the issue. The article is set to be published in the January issue of Hawk Tawk and will hopefully put the issue in students' brains. I used most of the sources from my research paper in this aritcle, as it was essentially just a condensed version, but also used the additional source:
"2014 Poverty Guidelines." ASPE. USDHHS, 22 Jan. 2014. Web. 11 Oct. 2014.
Genre III: For my third genre-@ChangeNCAANow- I wanted to spread awareness to an international audience. Like I previously stated, one teenager alone can hardly advocate for change against the corporate giant that is the NCAA. By tweeting interesting facts about the NCAA, I aimed to appeal to a younger audience and re create the feeling of shock that I had when I found them myself. I used many sources from my research summary, but primarily used:
Staurowsky, Ellen, ED.D.Dr. "The $6 Billion Heist: Robbing College Athletes Under the Guise
of Amateurism." News. Drexel University, 20 Mar. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
Genre IV&V: My fourth and fifth genres- Research with Dr. Staurowsky- aimed to help Dr. Staurowsky update the study that inspired me to do this project. The first chunk of research that I did involved the revenue generated by football and basketball for the schools in the American Athletic Conference. This research will be used to update the information on NCAA finances and show if schools are making enough money off of these two sports to reasonably compensate athletes. The second chunk of research that I conducted was collecting the data on expenses and revenue generated by Women's basketball in major conferences across the country. This data will be used to show if women's basketball is generating a profit around the country, or if men's sports need to donate to women's sports in order to keep them alive. I used a lot of the sources from my research paper in the write ups for both genres, but used two additional sources for the second chunk of research:
Bowman, James. "Why Women's College Basketball Might Be Stuck in the Red." Swish Appeal.
Vox Media, 12 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
Eichelberger, By Curtis. "Women Basketball Programs Lose Money as Salaries Break College Budgets."
Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 01 Apr. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
Annotated Bibliography
"Amateurism." NCAA.org. NCAA, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2014.
I used this source primarily in my research paper, but also needed it to spread awareness in the school and on the "twitter-sphere." This source was incredibly useful to me because it showed me what the NCAA defines as amateurism as well as its regulations of amateurism. This source was key to defining the problem that I was researching and has shown what the NCAA is truly fighting for.
Bowman, James. "Why Women's College Basketball Might Be Stuck in the Red." Swish Appeal.
Vox Media, 12 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
I used this source to research the financial aspect of women's college basketball. It was one of the primary sources in my write up on the research for NCAAW Basketball for Dr. Staurowsky. I was curious on the margin of profit or loss in women's college basketball, and this source really shed some light on the topic.
Branch, Taylor. "The Shame of College Sports." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 7
Sept. 2011. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
I used this Source in my research paper primarily as well as in my Hawk Tawk Article. This article was one of the first pieces of journalism published on the issue of compensating NCAA athletes, and discusses the history of the NCAA's policies. I primarily used the history in this article to aid my work.
"Dr. Staurowsky Interview." Telephone interview. 15 Nov. 2014.
I used this interview to create a sense of base knowledge for my whole project. It gave me great insight into a lot of things and allowed me to help Dr. Staurowsky on her research.
Eichelberger, By Curtis. "Women Basketball Programs Lose Money as Salaries Break College Budgets."
Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 01 Apr. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
Along with the article by James Bowman, this article shed light on the progress and setbacks in women's college basketball. I used it in my write up on the research for Dr. Staurowsky.
Fort, Rodney, and Jason Winfree. "Why The Arguments Against NCAA Pay-For-Play Suck."
Deadspin. Stanford Economics and Finance, 12 Dec. 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper to expand on the NCAA's arguments against pay for play. It gave me insight on the arguments that the NCAA uses against paying its athletes. This was key to my paper and allowed me to address the complexity of the argument in my issue.
Ganim, Sara. "UConn Guard on Unions: I Go to Bed 'Starving'" CNN. Cable News Network, 8
Apr. 2014. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper and to spread awareness in my genre pieces. This article gave me a specific example that shows how athletes are under compensated by just receiving scholarships. Not only was the example specific, but it was well known and allowed readers to sympathize with college athletes that are underprivileged.
Hruby, Patrick. "The Free Market Case against the NCAA Chokehold on College Sports."
Washington Times. The Washington Times, 30 Mar. 2012. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
I used this source primarily in my research paper to show how the NCAA's rules on amateurism restrict players from receiving the compensation for their value. The article gives statistics on living costs and money generated by the NCAA which strengthened my argument to pay players. The article also gave specific examples of the outrageous rules that the NCAA has against benefits for athletes, and offers solutions to these rules.
Levine, Dan. "U.S. Judge Rules against NCAA, Says Athletes Can Be Paid."Reuters. Thomson
Reuters, 8 Aug. 2014. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in the research paper and to spread awareness on the progress made in the fight to compensate NCAA athletes. This article talked about the O'Bannon case that has now set a precedent on compensating athletes for the use of their likeness. This article touched on the progress that is currently being made in the fight to compensate athletes, and showed the door that the case opened in this fight.
Martin, Jill. "Judge Rules against NCAA on Compensation." CNN. Cable News Network, 9
Aug. 2014. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
Like the article by Dan Levine, this article talks about the O'Bannon case and I used it in my research paper as well as to spread awareness. This article talked about how this case will potentially change the future and how the NCAA will potentially challenge the ruling by bringing it to the supreme court.
Malley, Bell. "Biggest Scandals in Sports History." Bleacher Report. Turner Sports,
27 Sept. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
I used this article to find information to create the "Hall of Shame." This article gave me background information and specific details on the five scandals that I chose to put in my "Hall of Shame."
McCoy, David. "NCAA’s Little-Known Student Assistance Fund." CBS
Minnesota. CBS Local, 12 Jan. 2014. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper as a concession to back the NCAA's argument against compensating athletes. We've all heard stories about athletes not being able to fly to a relatives funeral or buy a jacket, and this article disproved these myths. This article showed that the NCAA puts aside a sizable chunk of money to help its athletes do several things and gave legitimacy to the NCAA's argument against "pay for play."
Weir, Tom. "A Look at Some of College Football's Biggest Scandals." USA Today.
Gannett CO, 24 Aug. 2011. Web. 4 Jan. 2015.
Like the article by Bell Malley, I used this article to find specific info on the scandals in NCAA history. This article gave information on football scandals specifically and helped me put details and statistics in the "Hall of Shame."
"Where The Money Goes." NCAA.org. NCAA, 2014. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper to talk about where the NCAA distributes its funds, and justify the NCAA's position. Without this information, it would seem like the NCAA was hoarding excessive sums of money, but this article shows how expensive it is for the NCAA to operate each year. This article shows that the NCAA doesn't have a ton of money to spare in order to pay athletes.
Staurowsky, Ellen, ED.D.Dr. "The $6 Billion Heist: Robbing College Athletes Under the Guise
of Amateurism." News. Drexel University, 20 Mar. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
This research is what inspired me to do this project, because it really holds a shock value to how under valued college athletes are. I used this information across the board, and worked to update it with Dr. Staurowsky. This research showed me how the athletes were deprived of proper compensation for their work, and how most athletes would live under the poverty line if their scholarships were considered compensation.
Trahan, Kevin. "NCAA Allows 'Unlimited Meals'" SBNation.com. VOX Media, 15 Apr. 2014.
Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper and Hawk Tawk article. This article made a mockery of the NCAA's policies, but also showed how one significant figure can succede in lobbying for change. It talked about the reaction from the NCAA to Shabazz Napier's statements about going to bed hungry. It showed that if the MVP of the NCAAB tournament makes a statement about policies, they can be changed.
"2014 Poverty Guidelines." ASPE. USDHHS, 22 Jan. 2014. Web. 11 Oct. 2014.
I used this information in my Hawk Tawk article to show what the national poverty line was at and to compare it to the NCAA's scholarships. This information gave me one statistic that allowed me to emphasize the lack of compensation for NCAA athletes.
I used this source primarily in my research paper, but also needed it to spread awareness in the school and on the "twitter-sphere." This source was incredibly useful to me because it showed me what the NCAA defines as amateurism as well as its regulations of amateurism. This source was key to defining the problem that I was researching and has shown what the NCAA is truly fighting for.
Bowman, James. "Why Women's College Basketball Might Be Stuck in the Red." Swish Appeal.
Vox Media, 12 Nov. 2013. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
I used this source to research the financial aspect of women's college basketball. It was one of the primary sources in my write up on the research for NCAAW Basketball for Dr. Staurowsky. I was curious on the margin of profit or loss in women's college basketball, and this source really shed some light on the topic.
Branch, Taylor. "The Shame of College Sports." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 7
Sept. 2011. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
I used this Source in my research paper primarily as well as in my Hawk Tawk Article. This article was one of the first pieces of journalism published on the issue of compensating NCAA athletes, and discusses the history of the NCAA's policies. I primarily used the history in this article to aid my work.
"Dr. Staurowsky Interview." Telephone interview. 15 Nov. 2014.
I used this interview to create a sense of base knowledge for my whole project. It gave me great insight into a lot of things and allowed me to help Dr. Staurowsky on her research.
Eichelberger, By Curtis. "Women Basketball Programs Lose Money as Salaries Break College Budgets."
Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 01 Apr. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
Along with the article by James Bowman, this article shed light on the progress and setbacks in women's college basketball. I used it in my write up on the research for Dr. Staurowsky.
Fort, Rodney, and Jason Winfree. "Why The Arguments Against NCAA Pay-For-Play Suck."
Deadspin. Stanford Economics and Finance, 12 Dec. 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper to expand on the NCAA's arguments against pay for play. It gave me insight on the arguments that the NCAA uses against paying its athletes. This was key to my paper and allowed me to address the complexity of the argument in my issue.
Ganim, Sara. "UConn Guard on Unions: I Go to Bed 'Starving'" CNN. Cable News Network, 8
Apr. 2014. Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper and to spread awareness in my genre pieces. This article gave me a specific example that shows how athletes are under compensated by just receiving scholarships. Not only was the example specific, but it was well known and allowed readers to sympathize with college athletes that are underprivileged.
Hruby, Patrick. "The Free Market Case against the NCAA Chokehold on College Sports."
Washington Times. The Washington Times, 30 Mar. 2012. Web. 22 Sept. 2014.
I used this source primarily in my research paper to show how the NCAA's rules on amateurism restrict players from receiving the compensation for their value. The article gives statistics on living costs and money generated by the NCAA which strengthened my argument to pay players. The article also gave specific examples of the outrageous rules that the NCAA has against benefits for athletes, and offers solutions to these rules.
Levine, Dan. "U.S. Judge Rules against NCAA, Says Athletes Can Be Paid."Reuters. Thomson
Reuters, 8 Aug. 2014. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in the research paper and to spread awareness on the progress made in the fight to compensate NCAA athletes. This article talked about the O'Bannon case that has now set a precedent on compensating athletes for the use of their likeness. This article touched on the progress that is currently being made in the fight to compensate athletes, and showed the door that the case opened in this fight.
Martin, Jill. "Judge Rules against NCAA on Compensation." CNN. Cable News Network, 9
Aug. 2014. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
Like the article by Dan Levine, this article talks about the O'Bannon case and I used it in my research paper as well as to spread awareness. This article talked about how this case will potentially change the future and how the NCAA will potentially challenge the ruling by bringing it to the supreme court.
Malley, Bell. "Biggest Scandals in Sports History." Bleacher Report. Turner Sports,
27 Sept. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.
I used this article to find information to create the "Hall of Shame." This article gave me background information and specific details on the five scandals that I chose to put in my "Hall of Shame."
McCoy, David. "NCAA’s Little-Known Student Assistance Fund." CBS
Minnesota. CBS Local, 12 Jan. 2014. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper as a concession to back the NCAA's argument against compensating athletes. We've all heard stories about athletes not being able to fly to a relatives funeral or buy a jacket, and this article disproved these myths. This article showed that the NCAA puts aside a sizable chunk of money to help its athletes do several things and gave legitimacy to the NCAA's argument against "pay for play."
Weir, Tom. "A Look at Some of College Football's Biggest Scandals." USA Today.
Gannett CO, 24 Aug. 2011. Web. 4 Jan. 2015.
Like the article by Bell Malley, I used this article to find specific info on the scandals in NCAA history. This article gave information on football scandals specifically and helped me put details and statistics in the "Hall of Shame."
"Where The Money Goes." NCAA.org. NCAA, 2014. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper to talk about where the NCAA distributes its funds, and justify the NCAA's position. Without this information, it would seem like the NCAA was hoarding excessive sums of money, but this article shows how expensive it is for the NCAA to operate each year. This article shows that the NCAA doesn't have a ton of money to spare in order to pay athletes.
Staurowsky, Ellen, ED.D.Dr. "The $6 Billion Heist: Robbing College Athletes Under the Guise
of Amateurism." News. Drexel University, 20 Mar. 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2014.
This research is what inspired me to do this project, because it really holds a shock value to how under valued college athletes are. I used this information across the board, and worked to update it with Dr. Staurowsky. This research showed me how the athletes were deprived of proper compensation for their work, and how most athletes would live under the poverty line if their scholarships were considered compensation.
Trahan, Kevin. "NCAA Allows 'Unlimited Meals'" SBNation.com. VOX Media, 15 Apr. 2014.
Web. 23 Sept. 2014.
I used this article in my research paper and Hawk Tawk article. This article made a mockery of the NCAA's policies, but also showed how one significant figure can succede in lobbying for change. It talked about the reaction from the NCAA to Shabazz Napier's statements about going to bed hungry. It showed that if the MVP of the NCAAB tournament makes a statement about policies, they can be changed.
"2014 Poverty Guidelines." ASPE. USDHHS, 22 Jan. 2014. Web. 11 Oct. 2014.
I used this information in my Hawk Tawk article to show what the national poverty line was at and to compare it to the NCAA's scholarships. This information gave me one statistic that allowed me to emphasize the lack of compensation for NCAA athletes.